RDHAP Law and Ethics Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Sterilization is a process that achieves the complete elimination of all forms of viable microorganisms, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It is a critical practice in settings where aseptic conditions are required, such as surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, and certain medical devices. By using methods like steam under pressure (autoclaving), dry heat, or chemical sterilants, sterilization ensures that no viable pathogen remains that could potentially cause infection.

This is distinct from other processes such as disinfection or cleaning, which may reduce harmful microorganisms but do not achieve total eradication. For example, while disinfection may destroy many bacteria and viruses, it does not guarantee that all spores or resilient microorganisms are eliminated. Because of its thoroughness, sterilization is essential in healthcare practices where the risk of infection must be minimized to the lowest possible level.